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    <title>NAT on Ops FreeEdge</title>
    <link>https://ops.freeedge.uk/tags/nat/</link>
    <description>Recent content in NAT on Ops FreeEdge</description>
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <lastBuildDate>Fri, 03 Apr 2026 15:20:00 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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    <item>
      <title>Tailscale Subnet Routers 与 Exit Nodes 实战部署与优化</title>
      <link>https://ops.freeedge.uk/posts/tailscale-subnet-exit-nodes/</link>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Apr 2026 15:20:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://ops.freeedge.uk/posts/tailscale-subnet-exit-nodes/</guid>
      <description>&lt;h2 id=&#34;引言&#34;&gt;引言&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Tailscale 的 Subnet Routers 和 Exit Nodes 是构建零信任网络架构的核心组件，用于扩展 tailnet 访问本地子网或互联网流量。不同于 DERP（中继服务器，仅用于穿透 NAT 的 fallback），Tailscale 强调 WireGuard 内核级加密 + 策略路由，Subnet Routers 暴露物理子网路由（Layer 3 IP 转发），Exit Nodes 劫持默认路由（0.0.0.0/0），支持多跳拓扑和高性能内核模式。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&#34;部署基础flags-与系统预备&#34;&gt;部署基础：Flags 与系统预备&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&#34;subnet-router-部署&#34;&gt;Subnet Router 部署&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;使用 &lt;code&gt;tailscale up --advertise-routes=&amp;lt;CIDR&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; 广告路由，例如：&lt;/p&gt;



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&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;前提&lt;/strong&gt;：Linux/macOS/Windows，支持内核模式（Linux root）或用户空间（non-root/非 Linux）。&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;IP 转发启用&lt;/strong&gt;（Linux 内核模式，必备）：



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&lt;/div&gt;
未启用将导致路由黑洞。用户空间模式（&lt;code&gt;--tun=userspace-networking&lt;/code&gt;）无需此步，但仅支持 TCP/UDP 重建。&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&#34;exit-node-部署&#34;&gt;Exit Node 部署&lt;/h3&gt;



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&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;劫持客户端默认路由（0.0.0.0/0, ::/0），所有非 tailnet 流量经此节点上网。&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;客户端启用：&lt;code&gt;tailscale up --exit-node=&amp;lt;TS-IP|hostname&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; 或 &lt;code&gt;--exit-node=auto:any&lt;/code&gt;（自动选低延迟）。&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;LAN 访问&lt;/strong&gt;：&lt;code&gt;--exit-node-allow-lan-access&lt;/code&gt; 允许客户端保留本地网络（默认禁用，避免泄露）。&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Admin 批准&lt;/strong&gt;：Machines 页 Edit route settings → 启用 &amp;ldquo;Use as exit node&amp;rdquo; / &amp;ldquo;Use as subnet router&amp;rdquo;。&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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